A Guide to Long Range FPV Drone Flying: Tips for Safe & Confident Exploration

by Oscar

Long-range FPV flying has captured the imagination of drone enthusiasts around the world, offering unparalleled freedom to explore stunning landscapes, glide over waterways, and navigate through dense forests. The adrenaline rush and sense of exploration that accompany these flights have inspired many to dive into the world of FPV. However, the technical aspects of long-range flying can be intimidating for even the most experienced pilots. Fear not, for this comprehensive guide aims to equip you with valuable tips, insights, and best practices to confidently tackle the challenges of long-range FPV flying.

Some of the links on this page are affiliate links. I receive a commission (at no extra cost to you) if you make a purchase after clicking on one of these affiliate links. This helps support the free content for the community on this website. Please read our Affiliate Link Policy for more information.

Further Reading: Elevate Your Cinematic Videos with GoPro ND Filters

Defining Long Range in FPV Flying

The distance that constitutes long-range in FPV flying doesn’t have a strict definition.

As a rule of thumb, fly as far as you’re willing to retrieve your drone in case of a crash and within legal limits. Keep in mind that pushing the boundaries increases the risk of losing your quadcopter forever, so it’s important to strike a balance between exploration and caution.

Not Your First Drone

If you are new to FPV, don’t fly long range as your first model. Many things can go wrong in long range and you can lose your model forever, not to mention the damage it can do to people and properties on the ground if you lose control. Get some experience with flying before attempting long range. Most importantly, beware of your local regulations and if long range flying is legal at all, do not break the law!

Setting Up GPS Rescue Mode

Darwinfpv Darwin129 7 Inch Fpv Drone Gps Xt60

Betaflight offers a simplified “return to home” feature called GPS Rescue mode (tutorial), which is a must-have for long-range FPV flying. Equipping your drone with GPS enables Rescue mode to bring your quad back to you in case of signal loss.

Invest in a reliable GPS module, and consider these recommendations: https://oscarliang.com/best-5-inch-fpv-drone-parts/#Accessories

Before venturing into long-range flights, spend time configuring and thoroughly testing GPS Rescue mode to ensure it works as intended. This will help you avoid mishaps and provide added security during your long-range explorations.

Once you have a working GPS on your quad, it’s also a good idea to setup GPS coordinate logging in your radio to record the location of your quad every 1 to 2 seconds during flight by following this tutorial: https://oscarliang.com/log-telemetry/

Equip Your Drone with a Self-Powered Buzzer

In the event of a crash, having your drone’s GPS coordinates and a loud buzzer installed can make locating it significantly easier. A buzzer with a built-in battery is particularly helpful, as it can continue to beep for hours or even days after the drone loses power (e.g. the battery gets disconnected or run out of power).

For recommended self-powered buzzers, check out this list: https://oscarliang.com/best-5-inch-fpv-drone-parts/#Accessories

Using Li-Ion Batteries for Extended Flight Time

Learn more about improving flight time in this guide: https://oscarliang.com/improve-fpv-drone-flight-time-efficiency/

Li-Ion batteries offer a higher energy density than LiPo batteries, which can result in longer flight times. If your fixed wing or quadcopter has low current draw and high efficiency, you should seriously consider using Li-Ion batteries. The popular 18650 and 21700 Li-Ion cells are common choices for long-range.

To learn more about purchasing or building your own Li-Ion battery packs for long-range flights, check out this guide: https://oscarliang.com/li-ion-battery-long-range/

Safety Precautions

Safety should be a top priority when engaging in long-range FPV drone flying. Here are some important safety tips to get you started.

Conduct Pre-Flight Checks

Before each flight, perform a thorough inspection of the drone to ensure all components are in good working order. Check for loose connections, damaged propellers, and verify that the battery is fully charged and securely fastened.

Develop Emergency Procedures

Create a plan for dealing with emergencies, such as a sudden loss of signal, video interference, or low battery situations. For example, familiarize yourself with activating GPS Rescue mode, and adjusting the antennas quickly for optimal signals. Knowing what to do in case of an emergency can help prevent accidents and minimize potential damage to your drone.

Be Mindful of Weather Conditions

Always check the weather forecast before flying and avoid flying in adverse conditions such as strong winds, rain, or poor visibility. Be mindful of temperature changes that could affect your drone’s battery life and performance. Here are some tips on how to fly in the winter: https://oscarliang.com/fly-fpv-winter/

Start Small and Gradually Progress

Flying smaller aircraft can feel more relaxed, as they’re less powerful and cause less damage in the event of a crash.

Sub250 Micro long-range FPV drones are an excellent option – these 4″ or smaller drones can weigh under 250g, including the battery, making them legal to fly in some countries without registration. They offer flight times of up to 40 minutes with a Li-Ion pack, which is more than enough for most pilots.

Rather than pushing your limits from the start, take a gradual approach and fly a bit further each time. This allows you to better understand your drone’s capabilities in the given environment and minimizes the risk of losing your quad.

Maintain Line of Sight

When flying long-range, it’s crucial to keep your drone within your line of sight. Obstacles can easily disrupt your video and radio signals. To maintain line of sight, keep your altitude in mind. Unless you’re experienced and know what you’re doing, avoid risky maneuvers like going to the other side of mountains or flying beneath the tree line.

Before taking off, carefully inspect the environment for potential blind spots that could block your signals. Plan and simulate the flight path in your head, ensuring that your drone maintains line of sight throughout the flight.

Get a Spotter

Having a spotter or visual observer can help you maintain awareness of your drone’s location and any potential obstacles that may not be visible through your goggles, such as power lines, trees, kites, balloons, or other aircraft. Regardless of whether you have a spotter or not, it’s also essential to look for visual markers on the ground. By doing so, you’re less likely to lose orientation and will have a better understanding of your drone’s position relative to the surrounding environment.

Battery Management

Ensuring proper battery management is crucial when flying long-range. One of the most common mistakes new pilots make is not leaving enough battery to make their way back. Take wind speed and direction into account; if you’re flying back against a headwind, it will drain your battery much faster.

This emphasizes the importance of weather considerations – avoid flying in excessively windy conditions. Not only will your drone fly terribly, but battery life will also be negatively impacted.

Having an accurate current sensor is essential for monitoring your battery usage. This tutorial explains how to calibrate current sensor.

Additionally, when flying down a mountain or cliff, remember to account for the extra battery power needed to climb back up during your return flight.

Choosing the Right FPV Setup

Digital FPV Systems

Truerc X Air 5.8ghz Mkii Directional Patch Antenna Dji Goggles 2 Fpv

New digital FPV systems, such as DJI and Walksnail, perform just as well as analog systems for long-range flights, if not better, due to their robustness against multipath interference. For an overview of various FPV systems, see this post: https://oscarliang.com/fpv-system/

In 2023, True-RC (an antenna manufacturer) conducted tests and claimed achieving 30km with the DJI Goggles 2 and FPV Air Unit, and 23km with the DJI Goggles 2 and O3 Air Unit—impressive results for a 5.8GHz system.

Get the DJI FPV System from:

Get the Walksnail System from:

For antenna recommendations, check out this post: https://oscarliang.com/best-fpv-antenna/

Analogue FPV System

With 5.8GHz VTX, higher output power provides more range but has diminishing returns and causes the VTX to overheat more quickly. One of the most powerful VTX option is the RushFPV MAX SOLO, which provides up to 2.5W of output power. However, 800mW should be sufficient for most people’s need when using the right antenna combo.

See this post for my VTX recommendations: https://oscarliang.com/video-transmitter/

Be sure to use a diversity receiver module on your FPV goggles with directional antennas to boost your range. These two modules are probably the best on the market today in terms of performance.

ImmersionRC Rapidfire Module:

TBS Fusion Module:

When selecting antennas, look for a high axial ratio (as close to 1.0 as possible), which determines how well it reduces multipath interference and prevent signal loss due to polarization. See my FPV antenna guide for product recommendations: https://oscarliang.com/best-fpv-antenna/

With the right setup, 5.8GHz analog is excellent for long-range flights. I can easily achieve over 1km with just a 25mW VTX—imagine the range possible with a higher power VTX! Quadrupling output power can double your range. In this post, I explain how to estimate range by converting VTX power into dB: https://oscarliang.com/calculate-fpv-range/

If permitted to use a lower frequency for video transmitters, like 1.2GHz/1.3GHz, this would be a better option for long-range flights. Check out my tutorial on 1.2GHz/1.3GHz video frequency for FPV. The downsides are that it’s not always legal, and you won’t be able to use 2.4GHz for your radio and fly with anyone using a 2.4GHz radio due to interference. Additionally, 1.3GHz antennas are much larger compared to 5.8GHz ones.

Radio Control Link For Long Range

As of 2023, the best radio control links for long-range FPV drone flights are probably ExpressLRS and TBS Crossfire. Both systems have proven their ability to achieve tens of miles in range, making them ideal for long-range flights.

I have used both systems, and I prefer ExpressLRS because it is more budget-friendly, and the receiver antennas are smaller. Additionally, there is a vast selection of hardware to choose from, which is another significant advantage. Take a look at my tutorial on how to get into ExpressLRS: https://oscarliang.com/setup-expresslrs-2-4ghz/

Crossfire, on the other hand, is easier to use and a more mature system. However, it has slightly higher latency and lower packet rates than ExpressLRS, making it somewhat less versatile. If you don’t mind paying more, it’s still a good contender for long range: https://oscarliang.com/crossfire-betaflight/

Further Reading: Learn about what makes a good radio transmitters for FPV Drones

Enhancing Efficiency and Flight Time

Iflight Mach R5 Hd Bnf Racing Drone Motor Prop Arm

The efficiency of an FPV drone is primarily determined by its weight, as well as the motor and propeller combination used.

While you could just use a larger battery for extended flight time, there is a diminishing return, and at some point, it can become counterproductive and reduce your flight time. Moreover, a heavy FPV drone typically exhibits poor flight characteristics.

Keeping efficiency in mind when selecting motors and propellers is crucial for achieving longer flight times.

For example, you can increase efficiency by opting for a less aggressive motor (lower KV) and propeller (lower pitch) combination. Additionally, try to build your drone as lightweight as possible by removing all unnecessary components. Every gram saved translates to a few extra seconds in the air.

A larger drone, such as a 7-inch model, is known to be more efficient and better suited for long-range flights than a standard 5-inch freestyle drone. For instance, I achieved nearly 9 minutes of flight time on a $189 7″ BNF (Darwin129) using a 4S 1500mAh LiPo, whereas the same battery typically provides only 6 minutes on a 5″. A 7-inch drone can also carry heavier payloads, allowing you to use a larger battery for extended flight time.

Always Record DVR

Dji Wtf Fpv Hd Osd Font Color Sneaky Blinder

In the event of a crash, reviewing the DVR footage can help you pinpoint the exact location of the incident. This will save you a significant amount of time searching for your drone blindly.

If your FPV goggles have onboard DVR, make sure to use it for every flight. If they don’t, consider investing in an external DVR. If it has an “auto-record” feature, make sure it’s turned on. Some Goggles can detect when the drone is armed and start recording automatically, such as the DJI Goggles 2 and Walksnail Avatar Goggles.

Listening to the Motors

Orqa Fpv.one Pilot Fpv Goggles Earbud Audio Output

From a distance, it’s difficult to hear your FPV drone. Some pilots prefer to listen to the sound of their motors spinning and the beeper beeping, as it gives them confidence and a sense of connection with their drone. However, only analog system has such capability, none of the digital systems support audio at the moment. While this is not for everyone because the audio can be quite noisy and irritating, I thought I should share the idea as some pilots have found it beneficial.

For information on how to set up audio for FPV, check out this guide: https://oscarliang.com/microphone-fpv/

Is Long Range FPV Flying Legal in Your Country?

It’s essential to address the legality of long-range FPV flying, as we don’t want to encourage any illegal activities. The rules regarding the maximum distance you can fly an FPV drone and the allowable VTX output power differ from country to country. In some places, FPV flying is entirely prohibited. To ensure responsible flying, please follow your country’s regulations and avoid putting yourself or others at risk.

Make sure you familiarize yourself with no-fly zones in your area, such as airports, military installations, or national parks, and refrain from flying in restricted airspace.

Conclusion

In conclusion, long-range FPV flying offers a unique and thrilling experience, allowing pilots to explore new vistas and push their skills to new heights. By understanding the technical aspects and carefully considering the setup, battery management, safety precautions, and legal requirements, you can safely navigate this exciting realm of FPV flying. Remember to start small and take baby steps, and always be prepared for unexpected challenges. As you gain experience and confidence, you’ll soon find yourself soaring through the skies, enjoying the sense of freedom and adventure that long-range FPV flying has to offer. Happy flying!

Edit History

  • May 2018 – Post created
  • Aug 2020 – Updated tips for DJI FPV system
  • Apr 2023 – Article updated

Leave a Comment

By using this form, you agree with the storage and handling of your data by this website. Note that all comments are held for moderation before appearing.

23 comments

Manuel 25th July 2023 - 8:24 am

Can you explain configuration for “23 km with the DJI Goggles 2 and O3 Air Unit”? Because I lose signal in 800m more or less with default configuration. It would be a interesting post

Reply
Oscar 26th July 2023 - 2:17 pm

That doesn’t sound right, the default configuration should give you much more range.
Make sure you have unlocked FCC mode as described here (if it’s legal where you fly): https://oscarliang.com/dji-o3-air-unit-fpv-goggles-2/#Unlock-FCC-Mode.
Otherwise the output power is limited to 25mW which might be why you are getting such short range.

Reply
Iain 1st June 2023 - 6:06 am

G,Day Oscar , Firstly , Thank-you for all your incredible informative Articles , Its been inspirational in my beginners journey to FPV over the last few months . I’m really keen to build a 10inch Long range drone , My previous builds are all Digital dji 03 vtx / elrs / etc So What components would you recommend to build a mid to high end 10inch digital quad using digital system. Either current or upcoming components to be used with my goggles 2 / TX16smax Ranger radio, Happy to support the website ,
kind regards iain

Reply
Rafael Reynolds 30th May 2023 - 9:31 pm

Hi Oscar. Late to this thread, but interested in building a LR quad. Woth the frame I have (slammed alien) and long arms, I can fly 7, 7.5, or 8inch props and would like to try either 7.5 or 8in props.
However, I have half a dozen 2508 1778 KV motors I would like to make use of.
Should I go 3s and beefy esc, or 4s and scale the throttle?
Not sure if I lose efficiency “leaving throttle on the table” or not.
Either way, was considering Li-ion 21700 2P to stack the mAh and available amp draw, if needed.

Am thinking of using the walksnail HD system.

Reply
Oscar 30th May 2023 - 10:19 pm

If your ESC can handle it, I think both 3S or 4S should be fine (and yes, scaling down motor output for 4S would be a good idea). I don’t think efficiency would be too different between the two cell counts, as long as you keep RPM as low and consistent as possible, and avoid frequent RPM changes and aggressive flying.

Reply
Robert 14th April 2023 - 9:04 am

Further suggestions:
– Set up a remote control logfile via special functions to log gps every 1-2 seconds
– Set up widget (like moschotto or fm2m) on remote control to see gps coordinates
– Use TBS smartphone app to see quad live location on google maps

Since most likely you will lose 5.8GHz video feed first, it can be helpful to recieve coordinates via 900MHz control link.

Reply
cman 13th April 2023 - 12:52 pm

The antenna position on analog systems, front+back is that possible?
If i got my antenna in the back and fly to my videolimit out it’s kind of 99% safe to say that I’ll lose video if I’m turn around, is ther a way to make an dual antenna pigtail got coax cable and good VAS antennas that needs new contacts soldered so i can easily make an dual antenna setup, BUT is ther an impedance issue or other nown downside fo do that?
Or is an dual vtx better (one in pit-mode at out/home way maybe?)
Running a Laforge v3 and dual +12db LZR13 patch antenna on fatshark HD2’s and unify HW 800mw and VAS madmuchrom or minions, and 2019 R9 system(tuned antennas at tx/Rx side, NOT FrSky antennas!)
And vintage TBS Endurance motors/biblade HQ props, 55a Lumnier Esc, and 5s 21700/6s vtc6,5s/6s LiPos and always session5’s on source2 frames.

Reply
David Wong 13th September 2022 - 4:06 am

Oscar, kudos for your website and information you provide here. I am new to FPV a and very interested in getting the DJI FPV system with the Goggles V2. I am studying about long range and TBS nano 915 seems amazing but isn’t this all restricted depending on the Goggle range ? You can fly what you cannot see ? I have seen some hacks on increasing the range on the Goggles so what is the best setup for the goggles ?

Reply
Oscar 13th September 2022 - 2:21 pm

You are not wrong! Max range is limited by the higher frequency 5.8GHz video link usually.
To improve range, get some high gain directional antennas: https://oscarliang.com/dji-fpv-system-upgrade-accessory/#v1-goggles-antenna-upgrades-58ghz
If it’s legal where you fly, you can try to enable FCC mode and use 1200mW for max range.

Reply
Simon 17th July 2019 - 9:45 pm

Hey – i have my first quad with source o e frame tornado t1 2300kv, 5043×3 props and 4s lipo. im still learning so i want to max my flight time and range (with r9m) – what kind of motors should i use?

Reply
dgamboa 27th December 2018 - 1:14 am

Really you are the best. thank for all.

Reply
Alexander Smith 15th November 2018 - 1:17 pm

What Amp ESCS do you use for the t motor 1700kv and 7″ props?

Reply
Slobodan 8th September 2018 - 10:28 pm

What about the combination of 7” prop (low pitch – 7040), high kv motors (around 2600kv) and 3s battery. ESC is rated for cont 45A. Idea is to use bigger 3s (2200mAh – 3000mAh). I know this is not the traditional way to go, but do you think it would be possible to get a good efficiency from this kind of setup?

Reply
Stuart 15th September 2018 - 2:34 am

I run 7″ 7056 on t-motor f40 pro II 1600kv 45 amp esc and helio fc with 2800mah 6s for 12-18min flight times

Reply
FotoAmg 16th August 2018 - 8:11 pm

I have 7inch extended arms ZMR now with 2206 1900KV motors and 7×2 carbon (only 20pitch) props can I go to 4S? only tested with 3S and betaflight 3.5.0… motors were just warm and 40% was hover throttle without actioncamera.

Reply
VAL B 19th August 2018 - 3:45 pm

If your flight controller, ESC’s, PDB etc are rated to 4S then you should be fine.

Reply
yannick nolet 10th July 2018 - 1:47 pm

Hello, What you think is better…?

2207 or 2306 motor for smooth flying…. cruising over the forest and mountain at below 60% throttle? I am looking for the best effiency motor for my 7″ on 4s .. and wich KV is the best…? I actually use tbs endurance and I found the bearing is cheap… so I want to give a try to another brand.

Thanks

Reply
Oscar 24th July 2018 - 6:14 pm

At the moment, the “go-to” KV for 7″ is around 1600KV – 1700KV on 4S if you want to be efficient :)

Reply
Padme 10th November 2018 - 2:33 pm

2306 is a better..

Reply
fpvscout 3rd May 2018 - 12:06 pm

Thanks Oscar, this will come in handy as I’m considering building a long range craft.

Reply
Neal 2nd May 2018 - 1:30 am

The racecraft 6″ props are amazing as well. Running them on my stringy = a blast mountain surfing.

Reply
Peter 1st May 2018 - 9:00 am

Thanks for pointing out the legal requirements!
This topic is often not discussed in quadcopter related posts and videos.
Keep on bringing your great articles.

Reply
Oscar 9th May 2018 - 12:01 pm

Thank you :)

Reply